2. In the case below identify the consequences of the action taken and decide whether the action represented the greater good. c. A physician on the staff of an urban medical center is approached by a lawyer from a remote part of the state and asked to testify on behalf of his client, a rural doctor charged with criminal negligence in the care of a patient.  The lawyer admits that his client is guilty of the charge.  He goes on to explain that although the doctor is old and not well versed in the latest medical knowledge, she is nevertheless competent; the negligence she is charged with resulted from the strain of being the only doctor in a large mountain area with a number of tiny towns and a total population of two thousand people.  The lawyer pleads with the medical center physician to testify that the negligent act was proper treatment.  The physician does so. 5. Reportedly, at least two companies specialize in buying the body parts of fetuses from abortion clinics and selling them to universities and medical institutes for use in research.  One of these companies reportedly charges $999 for a human brain under eight weeks’ gestation, $50 to $100 for eyes and ears, and $400 for an intact limbless trunk.  Evaluate the morality of (a) abortionists selling fetal body parts to the companies, (b) the companies selling such parts to research institutions, and (c) the use of fetal body parts in research.  In your evaluation discuss the relevant obligations, moral idealls, and consequences. 7.  Several years ago a married couple, faced with the tragic fact that the husband had terminal cancer, made an important decision: His sperm would be frozen so that the wife could conceive their child after his death. Three months after his death she was impregnated with his sperm and subsequently gave birth to a little girl.  The Social Security Administration ruled that the child was not entitled to receive benefits as his heir.  At first thought, you might be inclined to judge this ruling morally insupportable because the ideal of fairness requires that this child be treated as any other heir.  Resist that judgment until you have used your imagination to identify the significant consequences that would likely follow (a) denying the child the status of an heir and (b) granting the child the status of heir. Compare those consequences and make your decision. (Explain your reasoning.)

The case presented involves a physician at an urban medical center who is approached by a lawyer from a remote part of the state and asked to testify on behalf of his client, a rural doctor charged with criminal negligence in the care of a patient. The lawyer admits that his client is guilty of the charge but explains that the negligence was a result of the strain of being the only doctor in a large mountain area with a small population. The lawyer pleads with the medical center physician to testify that the negligent act was proper treatment, and the physician agrees to do so.

In evaluating the consequences of the action taken by the physician, it is important to consider both the immediate and long-term effects. From an immediate perspective, the consequence of the physician’s action is that it helps the rural doctor avoid criminal charges and potential professional consequences. By testifying on behalf of the doctor, the physician may prevent the loss of employment or license for the accused doctor.

However, there are broader consequences to consider as well. By providing false testimony and advocating for the negligent act as proper treatment, the physician is undermining the principles of medical ethics and professional integrity. This action may erode trust in the medical profession and in the legal system, as it suggests that individuals with power and influence can manipulate the truth to serve their own interests.

The question of whether this action represents the greater good is complex. On one hand, the physician’s testimony may protect the accused doctor from severe professional consequences that could further hinder the delivery of medical care in the rural area. It could be argued that this action is motivated by a desire to ensure that patients in the area continue to receive some level of healthcare, even if it is from an elderly and potentially less knowledgeable doctor.

On the other hand, the action taken by the physician undermines the principle of accountability and the expectation that healthcare providers adhere to high standards of care. By supporting negligent behavior, the physician may be contributing to a culture that tolerates substandard medical practice. This could have negative consequences for patient safety and overall healthcare outcomes in the long run.

Ultimately, the decision of whether this action represents the greater good depends on one’s perspective and values. If one prioritizes the immediate needs of patients in the rural area and believes that any level of healthcare is better than none, then the action may be seen as justified. However, if one values the principles of ethical practice, integrity, and accountability, then the action would likely be viewed as unethical and detrimental to the greater good.

Moving on to the second case, it involves the selling of fetal body parts by abortion clinics to companies, which then sell them to research institutions for scientific purposes. Evaluating the morality of these actions requires considering the relevant obligations, moral ideals, and consequences involved.

From an ethical standpoint, the act of abortion itself is highly controversial and often subject to differing moral viewpoints. Some argue that the fetus has a right to life and selling its body parts for profit is inherently wrong. Others believe that a woman has a right to make choices about her own body and that fetal tissue should be used for research to advance medical knowledge and potentially save lives.

Regarding the obligation of abortionists selling fetal body parts, it can be argued that they have a duty to respect the dignity and value of the human body, even in the context of abortion. Selling fetal body parts for financial gain may be seen as a violation of this obligation, as it commodifies and devalues human life.

In terms of the companies selling fetal body parts to research institutions, the morality of their actions depends on the motives and intentions behind their business practices. If their primary goal is to advance medical knowledge and benefit society through scientific research, then their actions may be seen as morally justifiable. However, if profit is their sole motivation and they are exploiting the sale of fetal body parts for financial gain, then the morality of their actions becomes more questionable.

The use of fetal body parts in research is a highly debated topic. On one hand, it can be argued that using fetal tissue from abortions has led to medical breakthroughs and advancements in various fields. This research has the potential to improve understanding and treatment of diseases. From this perspective, the use of fetal body parts in research can be seen as morally justified, as it serves the greater good by benefiting society.

On the other hand, opponents argue that the use of fetal body parts in research is ethically problematic because it involves the destruction of a human life and fails to respect the dignity and inherent value of the fetus. They contend that other alternative sources of tissue, such as adult stem cells, should be prioritized in scientific research.

In evaluating the morality of these actions, it is important to consider the consequences as well. The sale of fetal body parts and their use in research may have positive consequences in terms of medical advancements and potential benefits to society. However, they also raise ethical concerns related to the sanctity of life, the treatment of human remains, and the potential for exploitation.

In conclusion, the morality of the actions taken in these cases involves a complex analysis of obligations, moral ideals, and consequences. In the case of the physician testifying on behalf of the negligent rural doctor, the action may be seen as protecting access to healthcare in a remote area but also undermining ethical principles. In the case of selling fetal body parts and their use in research, the moral evaluation depends on perspectives on abortion, the value of human life, and the balance between scientific advancement and ethical considerations.