This ANP-635: Health Promotion and Maintenance and On-Campus Experience I course covers preventive health care practices and integrates cultural and spiritual considerations, environmental factors, genetic influences, and national public health objectives. Emphasis is placed on the development of the advanced practice registered nurse-patient relationship to enhance the effectiveness of patient education, counseling, and promotion of healthy lifestyle changes. Learners explore concepts relevant to acute care, including integration of the family and patient support systems into care. Specific emphasis is placed on clinical diagnostic reasoning and interpretation and the development of differential diagnoses based on clinical practice guidelines. Learners examine professional and patient community resources and evaluate the use of integrative healing strategies in assisting patients to achieve health goals using evidence-based research. This course includes a required 3-day, on-campus experience.
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Prerequisite: NUR-634.
Table of Contents
What is health promotion?
According to World Health Organization (WHO), health promotion is the process of enabling people to increase control over, and improve, their health. Thus, it involves reaching a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, an individual or group must be able to identify and realize aspirations, satisfy needs, and change or cope with the environment.
Health promotion can also be described as a behavioral social science that draws from the biological, environmental, psychological, physical, and medical sciences to promote health and prevent disease, disability, and premature death through education-driven voluntary behavior change activities.
The main goal of health promotion is to positively influence the health behavior of individuals and communities as well as the living and working conditions that influence their health. Some of these fundamental conditions that influence health include:
- Peace,
- Shelter,
- Education,
- Food,
- Income,
- A stable eco-system with sustainable resources,
- Social justice, and equity.
Main activities involved in health promotion.
There are several health promotion practices that can be carried out to ensure a healthy population. However, the main actions of promoting population health include:
COMMUNICATION
This involves spreading awareness among people for healthy behavior. Health promotion communication involves newsletters, health fairs, and announcements.
EDUCATION
Educations include empowering actions and behavior change through increased knowledge.
MAKING POLICY AND SYSTEMS
Making systematic changes by improved laws, rules, and regulations to encourage and aware.
Models of health promotion.
There are several models of health promotion. However, over the past 30 years, only three key models have influenced health promotion. These include:
- The biomedical model of health promotion.
- The social model of health.
- An ecological model of health.
The biomedical model of health promotion.
This model of health promotion was mainly used in the pre-1970s. It focuses on risk behaviors and healthy lifestyles. It emphasizes health education – changing knowledge, attitudes, and skills. Additionally, it also focuses on individual responsibility and treats people in isolation from their environments.
The social model of health.
This model of health promotion was used from the 1970s onwards. It following are the main functions of the social model of health promotion.
- addresses the broader determinants of health
- involves inter-sectoral collaboration
- acts to reduce social inequities
- empowers individuals and communities
- acts to enable access to health care
An ecological model of health.
An ecological model of health promotion was used from the late 1970s onwards. It acknowledges the reciprocal relationship between health-related behaviors and the environments in which people live, work, and play (behavior does not occur in a vacuum). Additionally, it also considers the environment is made up of different subsystems – micro, meso, exo and macro and emphasizes the relationships and dependencies between these subsystems.
In general, the ecological model of health promotion can be viewed as comprehensive and multi-faceted, using a shared framework for change at individual and environmental levels.
Health maintenance.
What is a health maintenance examination (HME)?
A Health maintenance Examination (HME) is a routine test your primary care provider (PCP) ie, (be a doctor, a Nurse practitioner, or a physician assistant) performs to check your overall health.
The health maintenance examination is an opportunity to focus on disease prevention and health promotion. Thus, this is a good time to ask your PCP questions about your health or discuss any changes you may have noticed. Most importantly, the patient history should include screening for tobacco use, alcohol misuse, intimate partner violence, and depression.
