DUE 7/8 10 P,M EST 2 PAGES APA NOT INCLUDING MIN 4 REFERENCES TOPIC: HIV/AIDS IN LOWER INCOME COMMUNITIES Assignment: Final Project: Stage III—The Institutional Review Board Process The medical practice rule of “first do no harm” can be applied to health science research as “first do no harm to your study participants.” in this instance means not only physical harm but also the emotional harm that might be caused by unethical research practices. Despite such lofty ideals, until the 1960s and 1970s, many studies centered on the use of uninformed human subjects. According to Moon and Khin-Maung-Gyi, even after the Nuremberg trials exposed the Nazi war crimes and the Nuremberg Code provided a clear statement of standards for research on human subjects, unethical research programs continued to be designed and conducted (Moon & Khin-Maung-Gyi, 2009). Well-known examples of egregious unethical research in the United States include the Willowbrook study of hepatitis transmission in a hospital for “mentally impaired” children and the Jewish Chronic Disease Hospital case in which chronically ill patients were injected with cancer cells to monitor rejection. In each of these studies, investigators were confident that the ends of research justified the means (Walkup & Bock, 2009). These and other studies led to the creation of the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research and its seminal Belmont Report, which cited three foundational principles of ethical research on humans: respect for persons, beneficence, and justice (Moon & Khin-Maung-Gyi, 2009). These studies also led to the development of Institutional Review Boards, or IRBs, which were designed to provide oversight on all government-funded research studies. IRBs are in wide use today. Review the Keiser Institutional Review (IRB) process and requirements described in the Keiser Center for Research Quality. Consider how these IRB processes and requirements for ethical practice might apply to your Final Project, which is a proposal for an intervention that addresses a health problem identified in a particular community and that is of interest to you. (H.I.V/AIDS In lower income communities) Submit a 2-page paper in which you do the following: (ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS) · Explain ethical issues related to your Final Project research program intervention. · Explain whether these issues are actual or potential and provide a rationale for your answer. · Explain the level of privacy that would be required according to an IRB for participants in your Final Project research program intervention, and explain why.

The ethical issues related to the research program intervention for the Final Project on HIV/AIDS in lower income communities can be numerous. This is particularly true when studying vulnerable populations such as individuals living in lower income communities who are already facing significant health disparities. Some of the key ethical issues that may arise in this research program intervention include informed consent, privacy and confidentiality, beneficence, and justice.

One of the main ethical issues is informed consent. Informed consent is the process by which participants are provided with all the necessary information about the research study, including its purpose, procedures, potential risks and benefits, and their rights and responsibilities as participants. In the case of this research program intervention, it is essential to ensure that participants fully understand the purpose of the study, the potential risks and benefits, and the steps involved. Due to the sensitive nature of HIV/AIDS, it is crucial to implement culturally sensitive and clear communication strategies to ensure that participants can provide informed consent.

Another ethical issue is privacy and confidentiality. Given the stigmatization and discrimination often associated with HIV/AIDS, it is imperative to protect the privacy and confidentiality of the participants. This means implementing strict protocols for data collection, storage, and dissemination to prevent any unauthorized access or disclosure of participants’ sensitive information. Participants should be assured that their data will be kept confidential, and steps should be taken to minimize potential harm to participants in case of a breach of confidentiality.

The principle of beneficence, which refers to the obligation to maximize benefits and minimize harms, is also relevant in this research program intervention. Researchers must ensure that the potential benefits of the intervention outweigh any potential risks to participants. This could involve carefully assessing the potential harms associated with participation, such as any potential psychological distress or unintended negative consequences. Researchers should also consider the potential benefits of the intervention, both at the individual and community level, to determine if it justifies any potential risks.

Furthermore, the principle of justice should be considered in this research program intervention. Justice requires fairness in the selection of participants and the distribution of benefits and burdens. In the case of HIV/AIDS in lower income communities, it is crucial to ensure that the research program intervention does not disproportionately burden certain individuals or communities. Efforts should be made to recruit a representative sample of participants from diverse backgrounds and to ensure that the benefits of the intervention are accessible to all, regardless of socioeconomic status.

These ethical issues can be both actual and potential. Actual ethical issues refer to those that have already occurred or are currently happening. Potential ethical issues refer to those that may arise in the future. In the case of the Final Project research program intervention on HIV/AIDS in lower income communities, some ethical issues may already exist due to the vulnerability of the population and the sensitive nature of the topic. However, potential ethical issues may also arise during the implementation of the research program intervention. It is important to anticipate and address these potential ethical issues to ensure that the rights and well-being of participants are protected throughout the study.

According to an Institutional Review Board (IRB), a high level of privacy would be required for participants in this research program intervention. IRBs are responsible for overseeing research involving human subjects and ensuring that participants are protected from potential harm. Given the sensitive nature of HIV/AIDS, participants’ privacy must be safeguarded to prevent any unauthorized access or disclosure of their personal information. The IRB may require researchers to implement strict protocols for data collection, storage, and dissemination to maintain the privacy and confidentiality of participants. This could involve using encrypted communication channels and secure databases to store and transmit participant data. Additionally, researchers may need to obtain a signed consent form from participants, outlining the extent to which their data will be used and shared, and assuring them that their personal information will be kept confidential.

In conclusion, the research program intervention on HIV/AIDS in lower income communities raises several ethical issues related to informed consent, privacy and confidentiality, beneficence, and justice. These issues can be both actual and potential and require careful consideration and adherence to ethical guidelines and regulations. Protecting participants’ privacy and confidentiality and ensuring their well-being should be of utmost importance in this research program intervention.