1. Introduction
As an RN working as a pre-operative and post-operative surgery nurse, I have had the opportunity to witness and participate in various nursing care delivery models. These models are essential in providing organized and efficient care to patients, ensuring their safety, and promoting optimal health outcomes. In this paper, I will describe three nursing care delivery models and provide an example for each one. The purpose of this discussion is to gain an understanding of the different models and their implications for nursing practice.
2. Nursing Care Delivery Models
a. Team Nursing
Team nursing is a model that involves a team of healthcare professionals, including registered nurses, licensed practical nurses, nursing assistants, and other support staff working together collaboratively to deliver patient care. In this model, the registered nurse serves as the team leader and coordinates the care provided by other team members. The team members work together to assess, plan, implement, and evaluate patient care, based on the identified needs of the patient. The goal of team nursing is to provide comprehensive and holistic care to patients by utilizing the expertise and skills of each team member.
An example of team nursing is observed in the surgical unit, where a team of healthcare professionals, including nurses, surgeons, anesthesiologists, pharmacists, and other support staff, work collaboratively to provide perioperative care to patients. Each team member has a specific role and responsibility, and they communicate and collaborate effectively to ensure that the patient receives safe and quality care throughout the surgical process. The registered nurse in this model serves as the team leader and coordinates the care provided by other team members, ensuring that the patient’s needs are met.
b. Primary Nursing
Primary nursing is a model where the registered nurse assumes the responsibility and accountability for the total care of a group of patients throughout their entire healthcare journey. In this model, the registered nurse establishes a therapeutic relationship with the patient and provides continuity of care, from admission to discharge. The primary nurse is responsible for assessing, planning, implementing, and evaluating the individualized care plan for each patient under their care. The goal of primary nursing is to promote patient-centered care, continuity, and consistency in the delivery of care.
An example of primary nursing can be seen in the oncology unit, where a registered nurse is assigned as the primary nurse for a group of patients undergoing chemotherapy. The primary nurse assesses the patient’s physical, emotional, and psychosocial needs, develops an individualized care plan, administers chemotherapy, provides patient education, and coordinates the care with other healthcare professionals involved in the patient’s treatment. The primary nurse maintains a therapeutic relationship with the patient and remains involved in their care throughout the chemotherapy process.
c. Case Management
Case management is a model that involves a registered nurse who acts as a coordinator and advocate for patients with complex healthcare needs. The case manager collaborates with other healthcare professionals, community resources, and insurance providers to ensure that the patient receives appropriate and timely care. In this model, the case manager assesses the patient’s needs, develops a comprehensive care plan, coordinates referrals and consultations, facilitates communication among healthcare providers, and monitors the patient’s progress. The goal of case management is to optimize patient outcomes, promote cost-effective care, and ensure seamless transitions across the healthcare continuum.
An example of case management is seen in the home health setting, where a registered nurse serves as a case manager for patients who require ongoing care and support at home. The case manager assesses the patient’s needs, coordinates the services of home health aides, therapists, and other healthcare professionals, ensures medication management, provides patient education, and monitors the patient’s progress. The case manager also advocates for the patient’s needs and helps them navigate the healthcare system to access necessary resources and support.
In conclusion, nursing care delivery models provide a framework for organizing and delivering patient care. Team nursing, primary nursing, and case management are three examples of models that have proven effective in various healthcare settings. These models promote collaboration, continuity, and quality care, ensuring that the needs of the patient are met. As a nurse, understanding and applying these models can contribute to improved patient outcomes and a more efficient healthcare system.
