Overview of Telehealth Technology in Improving Access to Care and Patient Safety
Introduction
Telehealth is an emerging health care technology that has the potential to overcome current or emerging barriers to care. Telehealth refers to the use of electronic information and telecommunications technologies to support long-distance clinical health care, patient and professional health-related education, public health, and health administration (American Telemedicine Association, 2018). This brief provides an overview of telehealth technology, its purpose, and how it functions in a health care setting. It also discusses the ethical and legal issues associated with the incorporation of telehealth technology, as well as its potential to improve access to care and promote patient safety and quality.
Overview of Telehealth Technology
Telehealth technology encompasses various modalities, including telemedicine, telemonitoring, mobile health, and remote patient monitoring. Telemedicine refers to the delivery of health care services and clinical information using telecommunications technologies (World Health Organization, 2010). It allows health care professionals to evaluate, diagnose, and treat patients remotely, without the need for in-person visits. Telemonitoring, on the other hand, involves the use of telecommunication devices to remotely monitor and manage patients’ health conditions (World Health Organization, 2010). This includes the collection of vital signs, such as blood pressure, heart rate, and blood glucose levels, as well as tracking of medication adherence and symptoms. Mobile health, also known as mHealth, refers to the use of mobile devices, such as smartphones and tablets, to support medical and public health practices (World Health Organization, 2011). It enables the delivery of health information, education, and services to individuals in remote or underserved areas. Remote patient monitoring involves the use of devices to collect and transmit data from patients’ homes to health care providers (Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, 2019). This allows for real-time monitoring of patients’ health status and timely interventions when needed.
Purpose and Function of Telehealth Technology
The purpose of telehealth technology is to break down barriers to care by providing access to health care services and information regardless of geographic location or time constraints. It enables individuals to receive timely and appropriate care, reduces the need for unnecessary travel, and improves communication and collaboration between health care providers and patients (American Telemedicine Association, 2018). Telehealth technology functions by using secure telecommunications networks to connect patients and health care providers in real time. Through videoconferencing, patients can consult with health care professionals remotely, discuss their symptoms or concerns, and receive advice or treatment recommendations. Telemonitoring devices allow health care providers to remotely monitor patients’ health conditions, track vital signs, and adjust medications or treatment plans as needed. Mobile health applications enable individuals to access health information, educational resources, and self-management tools from their smartphones or tablets. Remote patient monitoring devices send data from patients’ homes to health care providers, allowing for continuous monitoring, early detection of changes in health status, and timely interventions.
Ethical and Legal Issues
The incorporation of telehealth technology raises several ethical and legal issues. Confidentiality and privacy of patient information are of utmost importance in telehealth encounters. Health care providers must ensure that patient information is transmitted and stored securely, and that appropriate safeguards are in place to protect patient privacy (American Medical Association, 2016). Informed consent is also crucial in telehealth, as patients need to understand the potential risks and benefits of using telehealth technology. Health care providers must obtain the patient’s informed consent before using telehealth technology for medical consultations or remote monitoring (American Telemedicine Association, 2018). Additionally, licensure and regulation of health care providers practicing across state lines can be challenging in telehealth (American Medical Association, 2016). Health care providers must be aware of the legal and regulatory requirements in the jurisdictions where they practice and ensure compliance with applicable laws and regulations.
Improving Access to Care and Promoting Patient Safety and Quality
Telehealth technology has the potential to improve access to care, particularly for individuals in rural or underserved areas. It eliminates the need for patients to travel long distances to see a specialist, reducing costs and time spent on transportation (World Health Organization, 2010). Telehealth also allows for timely access to specialty care, ensuring that patients receive appropriate and timely treatment for their conditions. For example, telepsychiatry services can provide mental health care to individuals in remote areas where there is a shortage of mental health professionals (American Telemedicine Association, 2018). Furthermore, telehealth technology can enhance patient safety and quality of care by enabling remote monitoring and timely interventions. Continuous monitoring of patients’ health status can help detect and prevent complications or adverse events (Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, 2019). Telehealth interventions, such as medication management and chronic disease management, can improve adherence to treatment plans and promote better health outcomes.
In conclusion, telehealth technology offers the advanced registered nurse an opportunity to apply emerging technologies in practice to overcome barriers to care. Telehealth encompasses various modalities, including telemedicine, telemonitoring, mobile health, and remote patient monitoring. It functions by using secure telecommunications networks to connect patients and health care providers, providing access to care regardless of geographic location or time constraints. Incorporating telehealth technology raises ethical and legal issues related to confidentiality, informed consent, and licensure. However, telehealth technology has the potential to improve access to care, promote patient safety, and enhance the quality of care by allowing for timely and appropriate interventions. By embracing telehealth, nurses can contribute to the advancement of health care delivery and patient outcomes in the digital age.
